16.0 ELECTRICAL SAFETY

16.1 Introduction

The following sections provide general safety guidelines and procedures for electrical safety. This chapter covers the following topics:

16.2 General Electrical Safety

The danger of injury through electrical shock is possible whenever electrical power is present. When a person's body completes a circuit and thus connects a power source with the ground, an electrical burn or injury is imminent. Most fatal injuries result from high-voltage exposure; however, people can sustain severe injuries from low voltage power if it has a high current flow.

Electrical safety is important in every work environment. The following sections cover circuit breaker loads, electrical grounding, electrical safety guidelines, and electrical emergency response.

16.3 Definitions

The following definitions help clarify general electrical safety.

16.4 Electrical Grounding

Proper electrical grounding can help prevent electrical injury. Most electrical equipment is grounded with either a three-prong plug or a two-prong plug and insulation. Never remove the grounding plug from any electrical cord! This creates a potentially dangerous situation. Because a grounding system may be defective without your knowledge, use a GFCI to ensure electrical safety. GFCI's are required in moist or potentially damp environments.

16.5 Electrical Panels

Electrical panels or breaker boxes require special safety considerations, including the following:

1. Know where your panel box is located.
2. Do not touch the circuit breakers unless authorized to do so (by Physical Plant.)
3. Ensure that panel box doors are securely attached.
4. Do not block access to panel boxes. There should be at least 30 inches of clear space in front of a panel box.

Report tripped breakers Physical Plant and refer any electrical questions to the Physical Plant.

16.6 Electrical Safety Guidelines

Follow these guidelines for general electrical safety:

1. Be familiar with the electrical hazards associated with your work place.
2. Unplug electrical equipment before repairing or servicing it.
3. If a prong breaks off inside an outlet, do not attempt to remove it yourself. Call the physical plant for assistance.
4. Ensure that outlets are firmly mounted. Report loose outlets to the Physical Plant.
5. Report all electrical problems, including tripped breakers, broken switches, and flickering lights to the Physical Plant.
6. All appliances used in UTIA buildings must be UL or FM (Factory Manual) labeled.
7. Do not use an appliance that sparks, smokes, or becomes excessively hot, unless the appliance is specifically designed to exhibit these characteristics.
8. Portable electrical heaters must be placed to avoid causing a trip hazard and must be kept away from combustible material. Never leave a heater unattended. Unplug the heater at the end of the day and when not in use. Ceramic Heaters are the preferred style of heater.
9. Keep electrical equipment away from water, unless the appliance is specifically designed for use around water, such as a wet-dry shop vacuum.
10. Use GFCI's whenever possible.
11. Be aware of overhead power lines when working with tall equipment (e.g., grain augers, cranes, backhoes, etc.).
12. Follow lockout/tagout procedures, as appropriate.

Follow these guidelines for electrical plug and cord safety:

1. Do not remove the prongs of an electrical plug. If plug prongs are missing, loose, or bent, replace the entire plug.
2. Do not use an adapter or extension cord to defeat a standard grounding device. (For example: only place three-prong plugs in three-prong outlets; do not alter them to fit into a two-prong outlet.)
3. Use extension cords only when necessary and only on a temporary basis. Do not use extension cords in place of permanent wiring. Request new outlets if your work requires equipment in an area without an outlet.
4. Use extension cords that are the correct size or rating for the equipment in use. The diameter of the extension cord should be the same or greater than the cord of the equipment in use.
5. Do not run electrical cords above ceiling tiles or through walls.
6. Keep electrical cords away from areas where they may be pinched and areas where they may pose a tripping or fire hazard (e.g., doorways, walkways, under carpet, etc.).
7. Avoid plugging more than one appliance in each outlet. If multiple appliances are necessary, use an approved power strip with surge protector and circuit breaker. Do not overload the circuit breaker.
8. Discard damaged cords, cords that become hot, or cords with exposed wiring.
9. Never unplug an appliance by pulling on the cord; pull on the plug.

16.7 Electrical Emergency Response

The following instructions provide guidelines for handling three types of electrical emergencies.

                IMPORTANT: Do not touch a victim that is still in contact with a power source; you could electrocute yourself. Have someone call for emergency medical assistance immediately.

                IMPORTANT: Do not use water on an electrical fire.

If a power line falls on your car while you are inside, remain in the vehicle until help arrives or it is no longer safe to remain inside. When exiting such a situation, jump from the vehicle, and shuffle away (DO NOT WALK) from the vehicle until you are safely away. Remember that the ground can be energized around the vehicle and to walk away could cause your death.

16.8 Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Lockout/tagout procedures are used to isolate hazardous energy sources from electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic machinery. Furthermore, when service or maintenance work is required, lockout and tagout devices help ensure personal safety from possible energy releases. All employees whose work involves hazardous energy sources must be trained in lockout/tagout procedures.

Before performing service or maintenance work on machines, turn them off and disconnect them from their energy sources. To further ensure employee safety, "lockout" using energy-isolating devices and "tagout" to notify others in the area.

The following sections provide information on lockout/tagout procedures:

16.8.1 Applying Lockout/Tagout Devices

Only authorized employees may apply lockout/tagout devices. The following steps provide a brief outline of approved application procedures.

1. Notify employees that the equipment requires service or maintenance and is scheduled for shutdown and lockout/tagout.
2. Use established procedures to identify the type, magnitude, and hazards of the equipment's energy source. Make sure you know the proper methods for controlling the energy source.
3. If the equipment is currently operating, shut it down using normal shutdown procedures.
4. Isolate the equipment form its energy source by activating the energy-isolating device(s). Either lockout or tagout the energy-isolating device(s).
5. Dissipate or restrain stored and residual energy using methods such as grounding, repositioning, blocking, bleeding, etc. (Capacitors, springs, hydraulic systems, and air/gas/water pressure system may contain stored or residual energy.)
6. Ensure that all employees are removed from the equipment. Then, test the equipment for successful isolation by attempting to operate it.

IMPORTANT: After verifying isolation, return the controls to neutral or off.

16.8.2 Removing Lockout/Tagout Devices

When service and maintenance are completed, authorized employees may remove lockout/tagout devices and return equipment to normal operations. The following steps provide a brief outline of approved removal procedures.

1. Inspect the work area and remove any nonessential items. Make sure the isolation equipment is intact and in good working condition.
2. Ensure that all employees are safely removed from the equipment.
3. Verify that the equipment controls are in neutral or off.
4. Remove the lockout/tagout devices and re-energize the equipment.
5. Notify employees that the equipment is ready for operation.

16.9 High Voltage Procedures

In addition to the guidelines associated with general electrical safety and lockout-tagout procedures, there are more stringent safety requirements for high voltage procedures.

It is expected that only UTIA personnel that are experienced in high voltage work will perform such operations. In the event that no such person is available, outside qualified personnel (i.e. the local electric company, qualified electricians, etc.) will be contracted for the job.

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